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Horizontal disease transmission is the transmission of an infectious agent, such as bacterial, fungal, or viral infection, between members of the same species that are not in a parent-child relationship. Horizontal transmission tends to evolve virulence. It is therefore a critical concept for evolutionary medicine. In addition to sexually transmitted infections, horizontal transmission modes include, but are not limited to, ''anterior station'' and ''posterior station''. In anterior station, transmission occurs via the bite of an infected organism, like in malaria, dengue fever, and bubonic plague. Posterior station is transmission via contact with infected feces. Examples are rickettsiae driven diseases (like typhus), which are contracted by a body louse's fecal material being scratched into the bloodstream. ==See also== *Vertical transmission *Optimal virulence 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Horizontal disease transmission」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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